—–. 1989. The latest Sentence structure and you can Semantics away from Verb Morphology during the Modern Aramaic: A beneficial Jewish Dialect regarding Iraqi Kurdistan. Western China Collection, 69. The fresh new Refuge: American Chinese language People.
Meehan, Charles, and you will Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The fresh new Child Whose Tunic Trapped to help you Him: A good Folktale regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect away from Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Studies 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Story and Background into the a routine regarding Lamentations to the Ninth out of Abdominal regarding the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book out of Exodus from inside the Neo-Aramaic throughout the Dialect of Jewish People regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
These six binyanim of Syriac was basically reduced in NENA so you can a couple first kinds, having a 3rd closely allied on second
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Contact, Creolization, and you may Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and La: Univ. away from Ca Push.
The first group comes from this new peal, the following category in the pael, therefore the 3rd, whose vocalism employs that the following, comes from new afel
Other grounds complicating the issue ‘s the differential influences of one’s some co-territorial languages. The latest dialect distinctions contained in this Kurdish have become considerable, in order to its feeling will be tracked some of the type one of NENA languages. Like, the fresh new Jewish Neo-Aramaic regarding Halabja, including the Kurdish of one’s urban area, will not separate a present and you may coming demanding, however, where Kurdish preserves including a difference, very do Neo-Aramaic. From inside the Azerbaijan, Turkish provides exerted strong effect on this new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), while the dialects of plain regarding Mosul show an effective determine off Arabic not viewed somewhere else.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words out of descendants out-of emigrants in one of the partial-separate ashirets away from the southern part of Poultry, now resident across the Khabur Area in Syria. Data is out of Jacobi (1973) and you can my notes.
(5) Syriac had about three first spoken stems, brand new peal, the fresh new pael, in addition to afel. To those was in fact additional around three couch potato stems, designed from the first of those by prefixation off elizabeth[Theta]-: the newest e[Theta]pael, the new e[Theta]paal, in addition to ettafal. This case is present during NENA. For the majority NENA languages, verbs commonly remain in the fresh new verb categories where these people were used in prior to grade of one’s code. That’s, the new descendant off a great Syriac peal verb might possibly be an excellent NENA Group I verb, and you may an effective Syriac pael verb was a NENA Classification II verb: such as for instance, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ of prior to peal, and you can sadure ‘send’ away from before pael. But not, in Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and possibly Koy Sanjaq, the class subscription has been reorganized which will be foreseeable towards basis of your model of the brand new stem unlike its historical origin. Such as for instance, for the Azerbaijani the new C base comes with the setting CaCoC- to own voice verbs, whichever the origin, and you can CCaC- having center-poor verbs: garosen ‘I are pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) are descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Other most significant invention during the NENA ‘s the 3rd individual copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type can get derive (Noldeke 1868, 203) from we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, however, zero copula want it is external NENA. The original and second individual lack a keen l, except during the Jewish Azerbaijani, where l has been generalized through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:win ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is situated throughout NENA except in the Halabja, with -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the day of mercy’. Neither Turoyo neither Mandaic possess versions synchronous to help you ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he are here’, harke-zero ‘I am here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he try charming’, basim-na ‘I have always been charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic word to own ‘son’, bra in the BT, might have been longer in all NENA except Hertevin of the introduction mature quality singles návÅ¡tÄ›vnÃků of the diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal interaction), Zakho brona (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 177). But not, each other Turoyo and you can Mandaic provides an enthusiastic epenthetic vowel, but zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you will Mandaic eber otherwise ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Sometimes, Hertevin aligns which have Turoyo, resistant to the remainder of NENA. It does not have an effective CCaCa expose demanding (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta (15), and you will uses ruh to make reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Investigation and you will Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, show practica step three. The Hague: Mouton.